How to Form the Italian Gerund

The Italian gerundio—what looks like aspettando, leggendo, capendo—is a quasi counterpart of the English progressive tense, combined with uses of the English present participle -ing. While English has a gerund, it does not correspond in its uses to the Italian gerundio. In fact, what is expressed in English with the gerund (I love eating pasta, for example) is, in Italian, expressed with other tenses, most often the infinitive or the past infinitive: Amo mangiare la pasta. So, think of the Italian gerundio mostly as a progressive tense with -ing, but with uses that are peculiar to Italian: some similar to English, some not at all. Sto mangiando. I am eating.Mangiando, ho imparato molte cose sulla cucina. I have learned a lot about cooking from eating.Luomo camminava cantando. The man was walking while singing.Si possono conservare le salse congelandole. Sauces can be conserved by freezing them.Avendo visto i fiori nel campo, la ragazza scese dalla macchina per coglierli. Having seen the flowers in the field, the girl got out of the car to pick them. Forming the Gerundio Semplice There are two forms of gerundio: gerundio semplice (doing) and gerundio composto (having done, being done). They are also called gerundio presente and passato, but that can be confusing since the gerundio presente can be used in past actions. To form the simple gerundio of regular Italian verbs, add -ando to the stem of -are verbs and -endo to the stem of -ere and -ire verbs: guardare (to look): guardandovedere (to see): vedendodormire (to sleep): dormendo There are irregular gerundi (plural of gerundio). For example, with dire, fare, bere, porre, and tradurre, the gerundio is made through the root of their imperfetto tense, harkening to their Latin infinitives (dicere, facere, bevere, ponere, and traducere): Their gerundi are dicendo, facendo, bevendo, ponendo, and traducendo respectively. It is helpful to have a book on Italian verbs handy to check on irregularities. Remember, a verb can have an irregular participio passato—for example, mettere (to put, to put on), with its participio passato messo—and have a regular gerundio (mettendo). The Gerundio Composto The gerundio composto, a compound tense, is formed with the gerundio form of the auxiliary avere or essere (avendo and essendo) and the past participle of the verb you are conjugating. You use avere for transitive verbs and any verb that uses avere as the auxiliary; you use essere for intransitive verbs that take essere, verbs in reflexive mode, verbs in reciprocal mode, some (but not all) pronominal verbs, and the passive voice. Remember your ground rules for using the right auxiliary. Gerundio Semplice Gerundio Composto guardare guardando looking avendo guardato/essendosi guardato/a/i/e having looked/having looked at oneself vedere vedendo seeing avendo visto/essendosi visto/a/i/e having seen/having seen oneself dormire dormendo sleeping avendo dormito having slept dire dicendo saying avendo detto/essendosi detto/a/i/e having said fare facendo doing avendo fatto having done bere bevendo drinking avendo bevuto having drunk porre ponendo putting avendo posto/essendosi posto/a/i/e having put/having posed tradurre traducendo translating avendo tradotto having translated mettere mettendo putting avendo messo/essendosi messo/a/i/e having put/having put on Progression and Contemporaneity By itself or in combination with the verb stare in various tenses, the gerundio can create a magical layering of progression and contemporaneity, in addition to providing subtleties of cause or manner. In the Present with Stare In the present as the main verb, the gerundio semplice expresses the progression of an action as its happening. The stare functions as auxiliary. Che fai? Sto lavorando. What are you doing? I am working.Cha fa Luca? Luca sta mangiando. What is Luca doing? He is eating.Che fate? Stiamo guardando un film. What are you all doing? We are watching a movie. It is not much different from saying, with the Italian presente, lavoro, or Luca mangia, or guardiamo un film, but it puts more emphasis on the unfolding of the action. It is about the process of the action. Same Subject, Contemporaneous Action The gerundio semplice is also used to express contemporaneity with another verb having the same subject in a variety to tenses, from the present to the remote past and the past perfect. Camminando, penso molto. Walking, I think a lot.Spesso cucinando penso a mia nonna. Often while cooking I think of my grandmother.Spesso cucinando pensavo a mia nonna. I used to think of my grandmother often while cooking.Scendendo dallaereo scivolai e mi ruppi una gamba. Getting off the plane I fell and broke my leg.Pensando alla nonna, avevo deciso di telefonarle ma mi sono dimenticata. Thinking about Grandma, I had decided to call her, but then I forgot. Contemporaneous Action, Different Subjects The gerundio semplice can be used with stare to express a progressive action contemporaneous or coordinated with another action having a different subject in a variety of tenses and modes. Io stavo scendendo e tu stavi salendo. I was going down and you were going up.Stavo facendo la spesa quando Marco ha telefonato. I was shopping when Marco called.Quando hai chiamato stavo lavorando. I was working when you called.Quando tornerai starà ² sicuramente lavorando. When you return I will surely be working.Quando tu starai dormendo io starà ² viaggiando. When you will be sleeping, I will be traveling.La mamma pensa che stia lavorando. Mom thinks that I am working.Pensavo che Luca stesse lavorando. I thought that Luca was working. With Andare The gerundio can be used also with the verb andare. With andare the action is incremental; with stare it is more truly progressive: Il rumore andava crescendo mentre scendevo nei sottopiani della metro. The noise grew while I descended into the lower floors of the subway.Mentre ero allestero la nostra amicizia andava scemando, ma non mi rendevo conto. While I was abroad our friendship went diminishing, though I did not realize it. Adverbial Functions Layered into the framework of time and contemporaneity, the Italian gerundio in subordinate clauses serves prepositional, adverbial purposes. In other words, it gives us modifying information. Adverb of Manner The gerundio can be used in Italian to tell us in what condition the main verb occurs: screaming, crying, running. Arrivarono urlando. They arrived screaming.Scesero dal treno piangendo. They got off the train crying.Correndo, finalmente arrivarono. They finally arrived, running. Adverb of Means or Way The gerundio can be used to tell us by what means or method the main action occurs: Setacciandola, togliete le impurità   dalla farina. Remove the impurities from the flour by sifting it.Parlando, la calmerete. By talking, you will calm her.Leggendo diventerete saggi. You will become wise by reading. Adverb of Time The gerundio can frame the time or period of the main action: Parlando non si guardarono mai. While they were speaking, they never looked at each other.Tornando allalba lo vidi. While I was returning at dawn I saw him.Camminando si toccarono con la mano. While they were walking, they touched each other with their hand. Adverb of Condition The gerundio can be used to set a condition to the main verb: Volendo, potresti partire. If you wanted to, you could leave.Dovendo tornare, sono partita. Having to return, I left. Causal Adverb The gerundio can be used to give an explanation for the main verb: Non sapendo a chi chiedere aiuto, Luisa scappà ². Not knowing who to turn to for help, Luisa ran away.Sentendo le urla, mi preoccupai. Hearing the screams, I became worried.Avendo visto tanta morte, il generale indietreggià ². Having seen so much death, the general retreated. This last sentence brings us to the gerundio composto. Uses of the Gerundio Composto The gerundio composto necessitates a subordinate clause, setting the background for something else, with different or same subject. It is used by well-spoken Italians and in a lot of written Italian, but there are also simpler ways of saying the same thing, with a bit of loss of elegance, perhaps. Avendo fatto la spesa, sono tornata a casa. Having shopped, I went home. Alternatively, you could say, Dopo aver fatto la spesa sono tornata a casa. Avendo visto i fiori, decisi di fermarmi a guardarli. Having seen the flowers, I decided to stop to look at them. Alternatively, you could say, Quando ho visto i fiori mi sono fermata a guardarli. Essendomi guardata allo specchio, ho deciso di cambiarmi. Having looked at myself in the mirror, I decided to change. Alternatively, you could say, Dopo che mi sono vista allo specchio, ho deciso di cambiarmi. In the last sentence the gerundio is causal and used in the passive voice, with essere. Indeed, in the passive voice the gerundio is used with essere. Essendo la cena stata servita, mangiammo. Having dinner been served, we ate.Essendo il bambino affidato al nonno, la mamma non lo vide pià ¹. Having the child been entrusted to the grandfather, his mother no longer saw him. Pronouns With the Gerundio When there is use of pronouns, for example, with gerundi of reflexive verbs or pronominal verbs, or if there are direct object or indirect object pronouns, you attach the pronouns to the end of the gerundio if the gerundio is alone and semplice. Lavandomi i capelli nel lavandino mi sono bagnata. Washing my hair in the sink I got wet.Ho rotto le uova portandole a casa. I broke the eggs carrying them home. Portandogli la lettera sono caduta. While taking him the letter I fell.Standole vicina ho visto la sua forza. By staying close to her I saw her strength. If the gerundio is composto, the pronouns get attached to the auxiliary; if stare is used as auxiliary to the gerund, the pronoun moves to before the verbs. Essendomi lavata i capelli nel lavandino, mi sono bagnata. Having washed my hair in the sink, I got wet.Avendole detto quello che volevo dire, ho lasciato Luisa al treno. Having told Luisa what I wanted to tell her, I left her at the train.Avendogliela portata (la lettera), sono tornata a casa. Having taken it to him (the letter), I went back home. With stare as auxiliary: Mi sto lavando i capelli. I am washing my hair.Gli stavo portando la lettera quando sono caduta.I was taking him the letter when I fell. Nouns From the Gerundio The Latin gerund, from which the uses of the contemporary Italian gerundio have mostly distanced themselves, did, however, leave to the Italian a good number of nouns: among them are faccenda, leggenda, and bevanda. Buono studio!

Music and Christians Essay - 1335 Words

Music is an everyday occurrence for most people. In some way, shape and form, people listen to music. For Christians, specially those at bible college, this can be in chapel day to day. For others it may be in a car or even in the workplace, which can be the case for Christians also. Music for me is an everyday occurrence, not only in chapel but also in other places such as my dorm room and when I get ready for sports. These things has caused me to research the topic of music. It has a huge impact on my life. I have sometimes listened to music when I am stressed out and need an escape. I listen to music to get ready for sports games, such as for football and basketball. Music is in my dorm room when I am doing homework. When reading or†¦show more content†¦The music I listen to most is in the rock genre. Solomon elaborated on this topic when determining whether rock music is evil or not: â€Å"Rock music is not intrinsically evil. It did not originate in a pagan past, and e ven if it did that would not mean that it is evil. Nevertheless, since it has been a prominent and influential part of American culture for several decades, it demands the attention of evangelicals. The attention it is given should begin with the understanding that the problems that are a part of rock do not reside in the music itself; they reside in sinful people who can and often do abuse it. The same can be said about any musical style, or any other art form.† (Solomon leaderu.com) So to look at it this way is to see that rock music is not evil in itself. But it does show that we are to look at the abuse of it and lean on the fact of the lyrics as stated earlier. Another source looks at whether God can use rock music for His glory or not. 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Feminism and Sexism the Scarlet Letter Free Essays

Anaysa Viviana Arce Professor Dr. Don Macon English Literature 1302 21 April 2013 Feminism Sexism: The Scarlet Letter â€Å"In Heaven’s own time, a new truth would be revealed, in order to establish the whole relation between man and woman on a surer ground of mutual happiness† (ch. 24). We will write a custom essay sample on Feminism and Sexism: the Scarlet Letter or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Scarlet Letter; where there is a woman, a husband, and a lover. A story where women are downgraded, humiliated, punished, and judged for their actions. It is an obvious that eras have changed as well as customs, women now have a say in our government. Therefore, we mainly focus on two political issues that have affected our society, feminism and sexism. We go in depth of researching how their definitions have changed throughout time and how they have affected our society solely in the United States. The Scarlet Letter, is a good representation of how feminism and sexism was affected in the era of the Puritans. Within the story, women were thought of as lesser than men. Women’s purposes were to raise children and give them good morals and values. Women did not have jobs; they wore the plainest clothes, and sat quietly by their husbands’ sides. Passion and happiness were considered to be a sin in the Puritan faith. Hester Prynne, (the main character in the story), has to overcome many obstacles in the novel, emotionally, socially, and psychologically. Living in a Puritan Society, where they had strict rules that everyone had to abide by, the society showed that men overruled women, and women were subjects to men. Hester’s place within Puritan society changes within the novel, where she defies male authority. Feminism in its definition according to Barbara Smith in This Bridge Called My Back (1981) means; â€Å"Feminism is the political theory and practice to free all women: women of color, working-class women, poor women, physically challenged women, lesbians, old women as well as white economically privileged heterosexual women. Anything less than this is not feminism, but merely female self-aggrandizement. (Web. Vanderbilt. edu)† Hester Prynne was forced to wear an embroidered â€Å"A† on her bodice of every garment as a signification of adultery. Women then, were punished more for such sexual transgressions. Unlike men, according to the Puritans women were considered to be ruled by their emotions, while men were considered to be governed by reason (Web. Public. gettysburg. edu). Therefore, we could conclude that women were humiliated and had no contribution to their society; feminism was at its minimal. Women then in the United States started fighting back, which lead to The Women’s Movement. This organized feminism first initiated in 1848 (Web. Feminisim. eserver. org). From this movement several branches formed such as the Abolition of Slavery, the Social Purity and Temperance movement. Furthermore, after 70 years (1928) women were granted to vote and finally have a word in society. Therefore, in comparison with The Scarlet Letter and feminism, women have significantly evolved to become great idols in society. They have freedom and are at the level of a â€Å"male’s authority†. There is no such humiliation or judgment for committing any sin, women are allowed to be happy, independent and be with whomever makes them happy. Commonly, in today’s society it is most popular that women are single mothers with a stable career to support their child. Consequently, women today are not forced to wear such embellishments like Hester Prynne, binding the before-and-today comparison on feminism and the impact it has on women today. Sexism, as previously mentioned has also been a political issue in women. Sexism means the prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination, typically against women, on the basis of sex. The main overview of The Scarlet Letter is that Hester gets punished for committing adultery and conceiving a child out of marriage. In reality the only reason why Hester gets punished and forced to wear an â€Å"A† is because she is a female. Dimsdale, Hester’s lover, being a pastor is suffering internally as the community is rising against Hester. Although the community doesn’t know of his crime, he is remotely thinking of his rejection as a pastor in the case they ever do find out. Even then, the community will not severely punish him, judge him or make him wear an embroidered â€Å"A† solely because he is male. Just like feminism, sexism also presents itself as a discrimination and it is still being seen in today’s society even with feminism reformations. It may be less than the puritan era, but questions such as: â€Å"Why don’t we have a female president? arise. Overall in reality, unlike feminism, sexism will always be present. The discrimination of â€Å"because she is a woman† will still influence many points of view in people. Why do women commit adultery? What cause them to take such step? Questions that we wonder but at times have no answer. Although in Infidelity Fact s. com we find a confounding answer as to why: â€Å"Statistically, women don’t cheat for the sake of sex. It’s of secondary concern for them. The #1 reason why they cheat is for an emotional connection. And this is particularly true of women over the age of 30. In more than a few instances, women won’t even cheat physically. They will carry on emotional affairs†¦ where they’ll fall in love and experience emotional intimacy with a men, while never taking it to the physical level. It’s these type of affairs that can continue on for years, without ever being detected, and often leaving a wake of destruction in their path. Studies have found that in long-term relationships, women, whether they work outside of the house or not, often find themselves â€Å"shut out† emotionally. Over 70% of women are still the primary caregivers for their children while also being the cook and the maid†¦ whether or not they have a full or part-time job. This leaves them precious little time for themselves to foster a woman’s natural urge to grow emotionally. An urge typical ignored by men whose primary interest is physical contact. Thus the longing for a man who can â€Å"see who they really are† begins. And in the weeks, months or even years that follow, they will usually find such a man – or think they’ve found one. An interesting point to takeaway of this female need for an â€Å"emotional bond†: affairs initiated by women generally last 3 times long than those initiated by men†. We then refer back to the novel and as readers we discover a connection with what is presented and with Hester. Hester did not commit the affair because of â€Å"sex†. She was looking for love, love that Dimsdale had for her. Technically she did have a child out of marriage, but she did not have her because she was prostituting herself; Hester had Pearl from deep intimate love and passion. All she wanted was someone to be by her side and love her for the person she was. Obviously in the Puritan community, adultery was a great sin but in today’s society it is an open common issue. Some statistics on adultery include: †¢ That over a third of married men will cheat on their  wives; †¢ That nearly a quarter of all married women will cheat on their husbands; †¢ And that more than 50% of all marriages will be impacted by one of the spouses being unfaithful. †¢ Back in the 1960’s it was usually the husband who was unfaithful. Today, researchers are finding that women are just as likely as men to have an affair (Web. Kellybonewell. com). How to cite Feminism and Sexism: the Scarlet Letter, Papers

Report on Ndt Dye Penetrant free essay sample

This document will give the procedures to be carried out for detection of surface crack on aircraft aerofoil suspected to be cracked using the color contrast Dye Penetrant technique. Inspection should be carried with the field kit consist of 1) Penetrant 2) Cleaner or remover 3) Developer-to eccentricity any indications. All three items are readily available in aerosol forms. 1. Pre-cleaning: 1. Make sure that proper hand gloves and face mask is readily available. . Clean the surface of a part and remove the surface paint using paint strip removers thoroughly followed with degreasing the part in accordance with the given instructions. 3. Do not use any abrasive methods . If the surface is slightly spoiled, clean it by aerosol application of penetrant remover. 2. Application of Penetrant: 1. Make sure that surrounding temperature is between 10-30 degree. If the temperature is lower, then extra care should be taken for precleaning and extra time should be given for drying of the penetr ant. We will write a custom essay sample on Report on Ndt Dye Penetrant or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2. Before applying the penetrant, make sure that the penetrant is correct for the purpose required and use aerosol can to spray the penetrant on to the surface of the item. 3. Maintain a distance of 8-12 inches between the aerosol can and the testing surface to prevent over spraying. 4. The penetrant gets pulled into the surface defects by capillary action. 5. Allow the penetrate to soak into any flaws for 30-40 minutes. Make sure that the dye has penetrated to the narrowest crack. Generally a smaller flaw takes a longer penetrate time. 3. Excess Penetrant Removal: 1. Use the solvent remover and lint free cloth for removing the excess penetrant form the surface. 2. Make sure that solvent is not sprayed directly on to the test surface as this may remove the penetrant from the flaws. 3. This process must be done very carefully to ensure that penetrant trapped in the surface remains in the defects only. 4. Allow the penetrant to soak into any flaws for 30-40 minutes. Make sure that the dye has penetrated to the narrowest crack. Generally a smaller flaw takes a longer penetrate time. . Application of Developer: 1. After the excess penetrant is removed, apply the white powder called developer available in aerosol spray can from a distance of 12-18 inches from the surface forming an evenly thin coating on the surface. 2. After 10 minutes of developing time, the developer tries to draws the penetrant from the surface defects on to the top portion and gives the visible indication. 5. Inspection

The most influential musician from 1870 to 1950

The most influential musician from 1870 to 1950 This paper tries to look at some of the greatest musician of all times to ever walk on the face of the world. The methodology that we are going to adapt for the essence of this debate will be based on the musician influence in relation to fun base and popularity during their time. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The most influential musician from 1870 to 1950 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It will also use their success in the music industry which will be gauged by the number of times their records have held the first position in the billboards and also the number of record sells not only in America, but in the rest of the world. The source material for this discussion will include journals and articles that give reference to the musician’s success and influence during their time. It is critical to mention that between 1870-1950 music and performance was on an upsurge, it was not until after the 1950 that m ost of the musicians and bands rose to make the most world changing hits that have gone down in history as the top fifty greatest songs with only one being of pre-1950 to make on the list. The song by Hank Williams â€Å"I’m so lonesome I could cry† is the only song from the top fifty greatest songs to be featured before 1950. The two musicians this debate will focus on will include Harry Launder and Hank Williamsas the casing point (Brackett7). Harry Launder is one of the greatest musicians and a performer in the Scottish and British realm.The entertainer was born in 1870 in Portobello Edinburgh to a John Launder a designer in China artefacts and Isabella a descendant from the black isle. Harry Launder started his early careerby working at the coal mines at the tender age of thirteen years and also realised his potential in singing at the time. He started performing his music shortly after getting married to Anna Vallance in 1891 (Gordon20). Launders first profession al performance took place at a local Lark hall where he used to make about five shillings each night. He later moved to perform at the â€Å"go-as-you please† which was amore prestigious event in the town and made him prominent among the local community. Fame and fortune for Harry Launder came around 1905 when he successfully led a troop of pantomimes known as the Howard and Wyndham. This catapulted Launder to become one of the greatest performers in England and these lead to various contracts and music deals. Launder was estimated to earn  £1000 a night for his performances in the United States by the year 1911. In the following year Launder topped the charts in Britain becoming the first British in the history of entertainment(Graeme25).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some of the greatest hits by Harry Launder include â€Å"Roamin in the Gloamin†, â €Å"I love a Lassie†, â€Å"Keep right unto the end of the road† and â€Å"A wee Deoch-an-Doris†. These songs made Launder the highest paid performer of his time with an estimated amount of  £12,700 for each performance (Williams 138; Lauder 14). During his forty year music career, Launder had made twenty two visits to the United States and a couple of other trips to Australia with his own train. Other accolades to his title include being knighted after the world war one for raising  £1million for the troops to be rehabilitated and inculcated to the society. According to the Prime Minister Winston Churchill, Harry Launder had rendered to the Scottish race and entire British Empire an immeasurable service through his music and philanthropy. Harry Launder died in 1950 at the age of 79 years leaving behind a legacy of songs, books and films that he had written or stirred in (William70). The other musician to make history in the music industry was Hank William s. He was born in 1923 with his birth name being Hiram King William (Brackett 32). Hiram would later change his name to Hank which sounded well according to him in country songs. In 1937, Hank would start his career in a radio station WSFA with the producer offering him a program of 15 minutes as the host with a salary of $15. This was after Hank had won a talent show at the Empire theatre pocketing the grand price of $15. With the rising popularity Hank would go on to form a band with the money he got from the radio show which he called â€Å"the drifting cowboys†, and this eventually led him to quit school.Hank would record songs like â€Å"Never again† and â€Å"Honky Tonkin† which did not do better. It was only after releasing the song â€Å"Move it on over†, that fame and fortune started to stream in.In1948,he signed a recording contract with MGM records. The following year, Hank went on to release â€Å"Love sick blues† which propelled his music to the mainstream media thus increasing his popularity as a singer. According to Helander (9), Hank was estimated to make $1000 at this point in his career for every performance he went. It is important to mention that, Hank had eleven number one songs in the American chart since 1948-1953 making him the most successful American musician of his time and also the most popular America singer only for his record to be broken by the likes of Elvis Presley and Michael Jackson in years after (Flippo16)Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The most influential musician from 1870 to 1950 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Other hits by Hank that have gone down in history of music include â€Å"You’re cheatin heart†, â€Å"Hey, Good looking† and â€Å"I’m so lonesome I could cry†. Even though by this time Hank had become a star, he nevertheless had issues that cut off his career and life. Excessive consumption of alcohol and morphine and other painkillers saw him being divorced by his wife and being kicked out of the band. Hank died in 1953 at the tender age of 29 years (Graeme 38). Hanks songs and composition have been used by other musicians in different fields such as pop, blues, gospel and even rock which have become instant hits (Wallace 84) In conclusion, it is critical to mention that the above artists even though they have a divergent appeal in relation to their music genre, their success is varied in regards to one opinion.It is crucial to mention that they made music that changed the world and entertained their audience even years after they themselves had gone. They achieved musical success at their time that made them become icons of their time. This aspect has been proved by both fame and fortune that this musicians were able to produce through their songs and lastly and the most important legacy to leave behind is their music which up to date resonate to the audience delight. Brackett, David. Interpreting popular music. New York: University of California Press. 2000. Print. Flippo, Chet. Your cheatin heart: a biography of Hank Williams. London: Plexus. 1997. Print. Gordon,Irving. Great Scot! The life story of Sir Harry Lauder, legendary laird of the music hall. London:Plexus 1968. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Graeme, Smith.The Theatre Royal: Entertaining a Nation. Saddle River: Cengage, 2008. Print. Helander, Brock. The rockin 50s: the people who made the music. New York: Schirmer Books. 2010. Print. Lauder, Harry.The Ancestry of Sir Harry Lauder, in the Scottish Genealogist, Edinburgh:Sage.2006. Print. Wallace, Lewes. Harry Lauder in the Limelight.London: OUP. 1988. Print. Williams, Lycrecia, Vinicur, Dale. Still in Love with You: Hank and Audrey Williams. London: Thomas Nelson Incorporated: 1991. Print.

How to handle work when youre depressed

How to handle work when youre depressed Work can be challenging in even the best of circumstances- but when you’re depressed and not feeling your absolute best, getting through each workday can be a real struggle. Many folks grapple with depression in both their personal and professional lives, and it can make getting through each day and handling daily responsibilities difficult. According to a recent study by The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), â€Å"an estimated 16.1 million adults aged 18 or older in the United States had at least one major depressive episode in the past year. This number represented 6.7% of all U.S. adults.† The NIMH defines a major depressive episode as â€Å"a period of two weeks or longer during which there is either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure, and at least four other symptoms that reflect a change in functioning, such as problems with sleep, eating, energy, concentration, and self-image.†Depression in the workplace is a significant issue- both f or employees and employers. Mental Health America recently reported that â€Å"Clinical depression has become one of America’s most costly illnesses. Left untreated, depression is as costly as heart disease or AIDS to the U.S. economy, costing over $51 billion in absenteeism from work and lost productivity and $26 billion in direct treatment costs. Depression tends to affect people in their prime working years and may last a lifetime if untreated.†Furthermore, a significantly higher percentage of adults suffer from minor or moderate depressive episodes. Although they typically include less pervasive symptoms, it can nonetheless make it hard to handle work and a spiraling effect can result- you feel depressed, which effects your ability to work, which makes you more depressed, and so on.Are you among the millions of Americans who suffer from depression? If so, then you’re not alone and there is a way forward- use the following strategies to help you learn to hand le work when you’re depressed.Don’t ignore the signs.If you’re struggling at work, try your best to recognize the signs that it might be due to depression.Are you feeling tired and lethargic throughout the day for no reason?Are everyday tasks- things that you used to do before with ease- becoming increasingly more difficult for you to handle and complete, or have become completely overwhelming for you?Is interacting with others at your workplace, or working collaboratively on team-based projects, becoming so uncomfortable or unappealing to you that you avoid contact or social interactions with colleagues at all costs?Do you find that your self-care routine is falling by the wayside?Are you noticing negative changes in your overall mood and attitude throughout the day?Has your productivity at work dipped?Do you find yourself missing work, coming in late, or leaving early more often?The truth is, any one or combination of these signs could be an indication that yo u’re suffering from depression. If you answered yes to any of these questions, the first step is to acknowledge that depression might currently be an issue for you.Assess your needs.As previously mentioned, there are varying degrees of depression that an individual can experience, and every person has their own unique symptoms, coping mechanisms, and needs. If you’ve made the determination that you’re suffering from depression- whether its mild or more profound- a good idea is to try and take an honest self-assessment and mental inventory regarding how it’s affecting your life. The last thing you want to have happen is to have your depression take complete control of your life and adversely affect your job situation- which can make your condition worse.Once you’ve determined how your depression is affecting you at work, try to assess your needs. Do you need to simply recalibrate, get organized, and wrap your head around your work responsibilities i n a new and fresh way? Do you need to make some behavioral and lifestyle changes in an effort to enact positive change? Or do you need additional outside help? Once you’re able to make a determination about what you need in order to effect change in your life and make the struggle a bit easier, you’ll be in a better position to choose the right steps for you.Seek help if needed.Do you think that you may need some guidance from others- perhaps friends or family, trusted colleagues, or professional help? The first thing to realize is that this isn’t a personal failure on your part. Many competent and functional adults suffer from depression, and there’s no shame or stigma in reaching out for help. Depression is a heavy weight to carry around on your own- seeking help from others can help ease the burden and allow you to focus on working towards an effective life solution.Explore workplace options.Many progressive workplaces offer benefits packages that incl ude mental health services- from finding the right professional help to meet your needs to financial coverage for associated costs. You may also be eligible to take paid time off from work to focus on getting help and getting better. Contact your HR representative to learn all of your options, which will help you formulate the best strategy for dealing with your depression.You are under no obligation to disclose a private health concern like depression to your colleagues and coworkers. That said, many people chose to be honest and up front about their depression and are met with sensitivity, guidance, and understanding, which can be an incredibly supportive and encouraging thing to have at a time when you need it most. The choice on how to handle disclosure is completely yours.Don’t just ignore your depression.How many problems in your life get better by simply ignoring them? If you feel that you’re experiencing depression at work and it’s affecting your ability to do your job, your best bet is to not ignore it and to use the steps outlined above to try and make some positive changes. Don’t forget- you’re not alone and your situation is not insurmountable. With a little proactive effort and the courage to effect positive changes in your life, you can go beyond learning how to handle depression at work. Instead, you can truly thrive.

Personal and Professional Development in Nursing Essay - 1

Personal and Professional Development in Nursing - Essay Example Nurses can use a variety of ways to demonstrate individual accountability; two methods are continued competency and professional development. Professional competency is an empowerment tool in that it enables the nurses to fulfil their responsibilities of care effectively. It is also, therefore, important to understand the factors that influence clinical competency (Memarian et al., 2007, 203-214). Accountability and Ethics: The codes of nursing ethics have focused on accountability as a central moral concept and value. Some national nursing organisations have identified accountability as the key standard of competent practice. The code of professional conduct calls for a high standard of professional behaviour from the nurses, regulating the nursing and midwifery practice in order to ensure standards and providing protection for the clients (Vanlaere and Gastmans, 2007, 758-766). Nursing, in essence, is a care system that springs from safe, caring, and competent and educated decision making, and nurse is a professional who is willing to accept personal and professional accountability for evidence-based practice guided by ethical principles (Wiseman, 2007). Accountability: The code of professional conduct enumerates that the nurse is personally accountable for her practice. Literally, this means the nurse is responsible for actions and omissions, "regardless of advice or directions from another professional." This directly relates to the law of the land and is guided by the duty to deliver safe and competent care. Therefore, this also involves the responsibility of reporting. However, it must be mentioned that accountability for standards of practice is judged by the peers or fellow professionals, and only they are in a position to make decisions about the appropriateness or quality of service. Nursing diagnoses, the first taxonomy created in nursing, have fostered the development of autonomy and accountability in nursing and have helped to delineate the scope of practice. In that sense, professionalism and accountability are inherent in nursing practice (Jos and Tompkins, 2004, 255-281). The nursing profession has traditionally used t hree methods of assuring accountability to the public-licensure examination, continuing education, and certifications, all of which are avenues of professional development that ensures quality and standards of care. The idea of a standard of care evolves from this principle. Standards of care provide a ruler for measuring nursing actions, and therefore, maintenance of accountability promotes both personal and professional development. This behaviour would uphold the profession, and accountability also ensures that the nurse acts quickly to protect the patient and his rights within the limits of contemporary professional competency. Nurses are accountable to their clients and to their colleagues. When providing care to clients, nurses are responsible for their own actions, good and not so good (Griffith and Tengnah, 2005, 339-343). The principle of autonomy has considerable merit and is supported by the Code of Ethics for Nurses. Following this ethical principle